The Human Rights Issue of Guantanamo Bay Essay Example For Students

The Human Rights Issue of Guantanamo Bay Essay Human rights are those rights that all persons inherently possess. These rights are protected by various legal principals such as the rule of law and ensure the dignity of all people. Various organisations such as the United Nations attempt to ensure that all nations adhere to human rights laws. However, human rights are being violated by countries all around the world, even by countries such as the United States who have the national strategy America must stand firmly for the non negotiable demands of human dignity . The United States have been breaching international covenants and conventions on human rights with their terrorist detention camp at Guantanamo Bay. The United States, however, acts according to the laws it defines for itself . It is entitled to do so as it is a sovereign state. We will write a custom essay on The Human Rights Issue of Guantanamo Bay specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now Guantanamo Bay is an American Navel base used to permanently incapacitate approximately 660 detainees from 40 nations, including children. Because the base is located on Cuban territory the prisoners are not protected by the American constitution or judiciary it is the obligation of the Judicial Branch to ensure the preservation of our constitutional values . These prisoners are held at the detention center in legal limbo, with no access to lawyers or families . The prisoners are kept isolated for 24 hours a day, little outdoor exercise time and no interaction with other prisoners. The inmates are interrogated for hours at a time and it is commonly speculated subject to torture. The International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC) is the only non government organisation allowed access to the prisoners. The ICRC is worried about the psychological impact that the prison is inflicting on inmates. A photograph released by the Pentagon shows inmates kneeling before soldiers, hands and ankl es cuffed with masks completely covering their faces. The photograph has become an icon of unacceptable US exceptionalism . Sayed Abbasin, once an inmate of the Guantanamo bay detention center described the experience it was the act of an animal to treat a human being like that . The United States government authorised military commissions to hand down the death penalty for detainees of Guantanamo Bay. Against the verdicts the prisoners have no right to appeal, which is a requirement of the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (ICCPR). The defendant has no say in any legal matters, even to who defends him in court. The commissions are also allowing a lower standard of proof as to allow for evidence obtained through coercion to be admissible. These commissions themselves violate the principles of natural justice and the separation of the judiciary, allof which contradict the rule of law. The United States government cannot create unfair commissions administered by the executive, with the power to hand down death sentences to suit their current requirements. Lord Steyn, a leading judge from the United Kingdom has stated that these commissions would be a stain on United States Justice . The situation at Guantanamo Bay directly violates various international treaties and covenants including the Geneva Convention and the ICCPR. On January 11 2002 Secretary of Defense Donald Rumsfeld outlined the stance the United States would be taking in regards to the terrorists detained at Guantanamo Bay. The United States have labeled the prisoners at Guantanamo Bay unlawful combatants and that therefore the Geneva Convention does not protect these individuals. Jamie Fellner director of Human Rights Watch states that as America is party to the Geneva Convention they are required to treat all combatants equally and humanely. The Geneva Convention is also violated simply through the authorisation of these military commissions under the convention all captured fighters regardless if they are members of an adversary states armed forces or are part of an identifiable militia group are to be tried under the same laws and courts as the detaining countrys armed forces. Therefore these mil itary commissions not only violate the Geneva Convention but also the rule of law in the fact that they were architected with the purpose of dealing with inmates at Guantanamo Bay, and have never applied to American soldiers. .u6f53d8218cff9b23fcccac7a47f8a2ee , .u6f53d8218cff9b23fcccac7a47f8a2ee .postImageUrl , .u6f53d8218cff9b23fcccac7a47f8a2ee .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u6f53d8218cff9b23fcccac7a47f8a2ee , .u6f53d8218cff9b23fcccac7a47f8a2ee:hover , .u6f53d8218cff9b23fcccac7a47f8a2ee:visited , .u6f53d8218cff9b23fcccac7a47f8a2ee:active { border:0!important; } .u6f53d8218cff9b23fcccac7a47f8a2ee .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u6f53d8218cff9b23fcccac7a47f8a2ee { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u6f53d8218cff9b23fcccac7a47f8a2ee:active , .u6f53d8218cff9b23fcccac7a47f8a2ee:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u6f53d8218cff9b23fcccac7a47f8a2ee .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u6f53d8218cff9b23fcccac7a47f8a2ee .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u6f53d8218cff9b23fcccac7a47f8a2ee .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u6f53d8218cff9b23fcccac7a47f8a2ee .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u6f53d8218cff9b23fcccac7a47f8a2ee:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u6f53d8218cff9b23fcccac7a47f8a2ee .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u6f53d8218cff9b23fcccac7a47f8a2ee .u6f53d8218cff9b23fcccac7a47f8a2ee-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u6f53d8218cff9b23fcccac7a47f8a2ee:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: American Music EssayHuman rights violations are allowed to occur because the international community is incapable of punishing or enforcing violations.

Phillis Wheatley - Slave Poet of Colonial America

Phillis Wheatley - Slave Poet of Colonial America Dates: about 1753 or 1754 - December 5, 1784Also known as: sometimes misspelled as Phyllis Wheatley An Unusual Background Phillis Wheatley was born in Africa (probably Senegal) about 1753 or 1754. When she was about eight years old, she was kidnapped and brought to Boston. There, in 1761, John Wheatley bought her for his wife, Susanna, as a personal servant. As was the custom of the time, she was given the Wheatley familys surname. The Wheatley family taught Phillis English and Christianity, and, impressed by her quick learning, they also taught her some Latin, ancient history, mythology and classical literature. Writing Once Phillis Wheatley demonstrated her abilities, the Wheatleys, clearly a family of culture and education, allowed Phillis time to do study and write. Her situation allowed her time to learn and, as early as 1765, to write poetry. Phillis Wheatley had fewer restrictions than most slaves experienced but she was still a slave. Her situation was unusual. She was not quite part of the white Wheatley family, nor did she quite share the place and experiences of other slaves. Published Poems In 1767, the Newport Mercury published Phillis Wheatleys first poem, a tale of two men who nearly drowned at sea, and of their steady faith in God. Her elegy for the evangelist George Whitefield, brought more attention to Phillis Wheatley. This attention included visits by a number of Bostons notables, including political figures and poets. She published more poems each year 1771-1773, and a collection of her poems was published in London in 1773. The introduction to this volume of poetry by Phillis Wheatley is unusual: as a preface is an attestation by seventeen men of Boston that she had, indeed, written the poems herself: WE whose Names are underwritten, do assure the World, that the POEMS specified in the following Page, were (as we verily believe) written by Phillis, a young Negro Girl, who was but a few Years since, brought an uncultivated Barbarian from Africa, and has ever since been, and now is, under the Disadvantage of serving as a Slave in a Family in this Town. She has been examined by some of the best Judges, and is thought qualified to write them. The collection of poems by Phillis Wheatley followed a trip that she took to England. She was sent to England for her health when the Wheatleys son, Nathaniel Wheatley, was traveling to England on business. She caused quite a sensation in Europe. She had to return unexpectedly to America when they received word that Mrs. Wheatley was ill. Sources disagree on whether Phillis Wheatley was freed before, during or just after this trip, or whether she was freed later. Mrs. Wheatley died the next spring. The American Revolution The American Revolution intervened in Phillis Wheatleys career, and the effect was not completely positive. The people of Boston and of America and England bought books on other topics rather than the volume of Phillis Wheatley poems. It also caused other disruptions in her life. First her master moved the household to Providence, Rhode Island, then back to Boston. When her master died in March of 1778, she was effectively if not legally freed. Mary Wheatley, the daughter of the family, died that same year. A month after the death of John Wheatley, Phillis Wheatley married John Peters, a free black man of Boston. Marriage and Children History is not clear about John Peters story. He was either a neer-do-well who tried many professions for which he was not qualified, or a bright man who had few options to succeed given his color and lack of formal education. The Revolutionary War continued its disruption, and John and Phillis moved briefly to Wilmington, Massachusetts. Having children, trying to support the family, losing two children to death, and dealing with the wars effects and a shaky marriage, Phillis Wheatley was able to publish few poems during this period. She and a publisher solicited subscriptions for an additional volume of her poetry which would include 39 of her poems, but with her changed circumstances and the wars effect on Boston, the project failed. A few poems were published as pamphlets. George Washington In 1776, Phillis Wheatley had written a poem to George Washington, lauding his appointment as commander of the Continental Army. That was while her master and mistress were still alive, and while she was still quite the sensation. But after her marriage, she addressed several other poems to George Washington. She sent them to him, but he never responded again. Later Life Eventually John deserted Phillis, and to support herself and surviving child she had to work as a scullery maid in a boardinghouse. In poverty and among strangers, on December 5, 1784, she died, and her third child died hours after she did. Her last known poem was written for George Washington. Her second volume of poetry was lost. More About Phillis Wheatley Phillis Wheatley: Analysis of Her Poems Suggested Reading on This Site African American History and Women Timeline 1700-1799African American Writers Recommended Books Phillis Wheatley - Bibliography Vincent Carretta, editor. Complete Writings - Penguin Classics. Reprint 2001.John C. Shields, editor. The Collected Works of Phillis Wheatley. Reprint 1989.Merle A. Richmond. Bid the Vassal Soar: Interpretive Essays on the Poetry of Phillis Wheatley. 1974.Mary McAleer Balkun. Phillis Wheatleys construction of otherness and the rhetoric of performed ideology. African American Review, Spring 2002 v. 36 i. 1 p. 121. Childrens Books Ages 8-12:Kathryn Lasky. A Voice of Her Own: The Story of Phillis Wheatley, Slave Poet. January 2003.Susan R. Gregson. Phillis Wheatley. January 2002.Maryann N. Weidt. Revolutionary Poet: A Story about Phillis Wheatley. October 1997.Young Adult:Ann Rinaldi. Hang a Thousand Trees with Ribbons: The Story of Phillis Wheatley. 1996.

Ludwig Van Beethovens life Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Ludwig Van Beethovens life - Essay Example This research will begin with the statement that various figures will influence our lives in different ways and dimensions. A renowned figure in the creative arts can influence a scientist’s life, as well as a fictional character, can influence the life of a scientist. In this case, the people influenced achieve the success that was unfathomed since they create a purpose and meaning in their lives using their influencer’s life, views, ideas, and philosophies. Importantly, figures whose stories are full of triumph over tragedies influence people due to the achievements that these figures accomplished despite the hindrances that may have prevented their success. Ludwig Van Beethoven exemplified brilliancy and intellect, which exerted immense influence that remains to date. In effect, his determination and achievements, regardless of the factors that inhibited his accomplishments, signify the important role he played in influencing my life as a student who is an aspiring e ngineer. Beethoven’s compositions are played in concerts, operas, and other entertainment venues although a few people know the challenges that Beethoven underwent in order to make these compositions. First, he was born in a family of seven children with only three of the children surviving to adulthood. The children succumbed from hereditary diseases that affected the family, which means that the probability of Beethoven suffering from a similar fate was high.

Introduction to criminal justice Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Introduction to criminal justice - Assignment Example The extrajudicial measures stipulated by the Act have significantly decreased incidents through which the offending youth are charged. The measures, which include police cautions, referrals, crown cautions, taking no further action by the police and extrajudicial sanctions, are presumed to be sufficient to hold nonviolent and first-time offenders accountable for their actions. However, the presumption was ill-adviced, as shown by the lack of effectiveness on most of the first time offenders as well as the youth who participated in serious crimes. For example, a 2013 poll has shown that among the youth who committed violent crimes in 2011 and were given lenient judgments through extrajudicial means, 60 percent have already re-offended, which is only within a period of two years. For such serious youth crimes, prison sentences have declined by 25 percent within the same two year period. Before enacting the YCJA in 2003, the rate of youth incarceration in Canada was among the highest in the Western countries. It was characteristic of youth sentences not being proportionate to the degree of seriousness of the committed crime. Custody was a common sentence even in cases not considered to be serious, and the youth courts handed very invasive sentences for minor crimes in a bid to address social and psychological needs. However, the YCJA reserves custody sentences for violent and repeat offenders as well as those who did not comply with optional sentences. This has given plenty of room for the increase of first-time offenders who often go free. Question Two As a crime prevention initiative, sentencing aims to contribute towards maintaining a safe, peaceful and just society as well as respecting the law. With an emphasis on the future conduct, rehabilitative sentencing principles are oriented towards curing offending persons of the causes that led them to crime. On the other hand, retributive principles have their focus on the past conduct of the offending persons, mak ing them pay for their crimes. Unlike rehabilitative measures which promote responsibility among offenders and an acknowledgment of the damage done, retributive principles also place a lot of emphasis on expressing the disproval of the society regarding crime. In the past two decades, sentencing in Canada has shifted from rehabilitative to retributive principles because of the emphasis of the criminal justice system’s emphasis on crime prevention. In 1997, the criminal justice system, as well as people who participated in a poll, supported alternative sentencing, community service and rehabilitation services rather than prison and heavy fines. However, after the turn of the millennium and in keeping with the provisions of section 718(b) of deterring offenders and potential offenders from participating in crime, there was a shift. The retributive principles were believed to send messages of severe punishment for crime. For example, the sentence for using a firearm while commit ting a crime increased from 10 years in 1999 to 25 years in 2001. In the same period, a life sentence for a violent offence was handed at the second conviction, down from the third one. That was a time when the criminal code had 29 offences that triggered the mandatory minimum sentence, whereas six years earlier there were only 19. With the increasing popularity of the mandatory minimum sentence among politicians, many private bills have been enacted with the belief that harsh penalties are effective

Becoming a Successful Entrepreneur is dependent on a good Business

Becoming a Successful Entrepreneur is dependent on a good Business One who undertakes an enterprise-acting as intermediary between capital and labor. -Oxford English Dictionary Introduction Becoming a successful entrepreneur doesnt happen by accident or by chance. It is a long process that involves various strategies, characteristics and quality of person who wants to become a successful entrepreneur. Madan Paliwal who is a successful entrepreneur in his state, says Becoming a successful entrepreneur is not an easy task! There are certain qualities and strategies that are absolutely necessary if you would like to become successful in your business ventures. Madan Paliwals example shows that how some characteristics, qualities and strategies support to becoming a successful entrepreneur. He strongly believes in quality rather than quantities. According to Sharma (2009), It is essential to follow some strategies for the growth and strongly development of business. An entrepreneur organizes different types of industries right from inception has different approaches and call for an in-depth knowledge base. The importance is the entrepreneur starts and operates his own new b usiness. characteristic of An Entrepreneur Kant (2000), All the entrepreneur were men of discipline, high integrity and with strong need for achievement. In India Mr. Madan Paliwal CMD of Miraj Group of Industries has following characteristics and qualities which is important: Initiative: Mr. Madan Paliwal used resources and plan for his business. He started his business with Rs. 200 (Â £3) capital. Now Miraj Group of Companies capital cross Rs. 1000 Crore (Â £15000000). The following companies in Miraj Group of Companies: Miraj Products Pvt. Ltd., Miraj multicolor, Miraj pipe fittings, Miraj Hotels, Miraj Engineering, Eye view motion pictures, Miraj developers, Miraj realcon, Asia packs. (Group profile of miraj group) Miraj groups consumer products are tobacco, tea, soap, matches, plastic, stationary, pipes etc. Therefore we can say the entrepreneur should be initiative to use the available resources and plan for all those who are involved in an enterprise. Goal: An entrepreneur should be able to set realistic but challenging goals for himself as well as for others in the organization. At the time of beginning Madan Paliwal had clear goal and he has achieved maximum goal. Involvement for long time: Madan Paliwal started his business on 18th August 1987. He continues involve in his business. Hence commitment from the entrepreneur for longer period may be 5 to 15 years is necessary for conceptualization, building and running an enterprise. Capacity for problem solving: In the initial phases of an enterprise many teething problems may happen and an entrepreneur should be a creative problem solver to turn difficulties into advantages. Madan Paliwals life is full of struggle. He solved many problems in his business. Good team leader and motivator: An entrepreneur builds up his team; he should educate them, keep them on high level of motivation and also provide an environment for creativity and good work culture. Madan Paliwal started his business as a single person but now a days 1000 employees in his companies. Energetic: Managing resources and running an enterprise calls for long hours of work for longer period of time and hence an entrepreneur is a man of high energy level. Madan Paliwal works 15-16 Hrs. daily. According to him -A labour is also do hard work daily in his life but he earns only 100-200 Rs. per day, hence entrepreneur do work hard in right way. ( Paliwal, 2008) Good communication skills: As a leader an entrepreneur communicates effectively with all concerned such as financiers, employees, customers, suppliers and all who are concerned with the new enterprise. Madan Paliwal is also good communicator. Mental ability: Madan Paliwal born at Nathdwara, A small town in Rajasthan (India). He started small scale industries (Miraj industries), now it is converted into Miraj Products Pvt. Ltd. Sharma (2009) An entrepreneur will be a man of high level intelligence, creative, positive thinking and decision maker with clear objectives in mind. Good Human relation: Tactful and warm human relation is an important factor which brings success to an entrepreneur. Emotional stability and keeping himself as a model to others. Motivates the employees to put their best performance at all levels in the organization. Madan Paliwal also follows good human relations. Strategies: Kant (2000) Strategies are the way of performing the target i.e. how to do a particular work for the achievement of predetermined objectives. 2.0 Business Strategies: There are various strategies which are prepared in the business enterprise like- 2.1. Market Strategies Market Strategies includes the companys relationship with existing and potential customers, its knowledge of changing needs and opportunities in the market, the way it identifies and reaches its customers. Madan Paliwal started Real-estate business at Jaipur. He launched affordable homes, Villas, commercial complex etc. His marketing strategies were very good. After getting success in Jaipur he started new projects in Ajmer, Udaipur, Bhilwara, Mumbai other cities in India. He says that the main strategies that are necessary for getting success in market is attract the market to us, Examine managements assumptions, perceptions, predispositions about the market, and determine to what extent they are valid. And finally evaluate new opportunities in the market, new products, collaboration with others etc. (paliwal, 2008) 2.2. Organization Strategies Organization consists of the structures, systems, policies, procedures and activities of a business, the manner in which it exercises authority, takes decisions, communicates, coordinates and integrates its activities. Madan Paliwal is good organizer. He manages more than 1000 employees in his group of companies. He says the main strategies that are necessary for success in organization strategies are: Analyze the jobs of executives, managers, and supervisors to identify tasks that can be delegated to lower levels and the conditions necessary to make that delegation effective. Next establish clear job descriptions for every position, and create a system whereby the responsibilities and authority of each position are clear to other people in the company. Furthermore determine whether we can innovate any new systems that will further improve our performance. Determine if there are systems successfully employed by other companies that could be used by our company. Finally Assess the eff ectiveness of important systems in the company (e.g. Accounting , Budgeting , Personnel information, Planning etc.) in terms of their speed, their personnel requirements, quality of work, cost of operations, and whether fully being utilized.(paliwal 2008) 2.3. Products, sells and services strategies It means the capacity of the company to deliver products and services. It includes the range and quality of products and services it markets, the technical knowledge and skill of sales and service staff, and the level of technology incorporated in its products and services and utilized to carry on business. Madan Paliwal launched affordable homes for middle lower class people in every project because affordable homes selling easily. After selling homes villas he launches commercial complex in project, hence commercial complex (very costly) become successful (interview with paliwal, 2010). He says that main strategies that are necessary for success in Products, sells and services strategies are: Improve the technology of our products and services by adding new dimension into it and Examine every technology in our company employs. And identify ways to reduce cost. Then Match our products and services as closely as possible with the needs of the market. Next Identify and adapt new and recent technologies to better meet the needs of our customers. Furthermore Introduce new or improved technologies internally that will improve the functioning of our own organization. Besides this Make improvement in our organization (structure, activities, systems, job positions, procedure, rules, regulations etc.) that will improve the development and operation of our technology. Finally continuously expand and upgrade the product and services knowledge and technical expertise of our people. 2.4. Finance Strategies This component defines the way in which the company manages monitors and utilizes capital resources for its growth. It includes the quality of systems and skills for accounting, budgeting and financial management, cash and credit management, control over purchasing and inventory, access to capital. Madan Paliwal started his business with only Rs. 200 capital. He follows following financial strategies to manage financial activities in his companies: A. Determine that our company is exploring and taking advantage of every conceivable source of finance to make our business grow. B. Determine how our company can utilize financial information as a positive instrument for tracking and monitoring performance on key activities. C. Determine what can be done to improve accuracy and timeliness of accounting so that information on performance is available as soon as possible after the day, week, the month, or the job is over. D. Determine what type of indicators we can develop as positive motivating tools to help managers and employees evaluate their own performance. E. Determine what are the keys areas in which the company can save money by improving performance. 2.5. Personnel strategies This component covers the energies, abilities, skills, and attitudes of employees that can be harnessed for growth. People and companies grow together. Miraj Group of companies provides maximum opportunities for their people to grow, find maximum opportunities for their own growth (interview with paliwal, 2010). His Group follows the following personal strategies: A. Recruit people with a high level of energy, good health, highest possible level of education and experience and write type of personality to work well in our company and implement its values. B. Review wage and salary scale, and ensure that the compensation for every position is not only fair, but perceived as fair. Whenever necessary, educate people to understand the true value of the companys benefits package. C. Introduce profit-sharing or equity programs to make our people owners of company and develop the physical and technical skills of our people through formal training programs. D. Develop the managerial and psychological skills of our people through formal training, regular and ongoing training, personal guidance and attention. E. Give greater personal attention to the people you work with (not to their work) and encourage them to do likewise with their people. F. Recognize and reward individual efforts to improve the functioning of our organization. G. Maintain clear and effective two-way communication with all employees H. Implement psychological values such as respect for the individual, personal growth, freedom, and harmony to the highest level. I. Give regular feedback to individuals on their performance and what they can do to improve. 3.0. Other strategies Other strategies have been followed by Miraj Group of Companies are: 3.1 Stability strategy Miraj Group has a stable environment, limited number of products, customers, suppliers and competitors, minimum need for skills and so on may follow what is called the Stability Strategy such an organization is satisfied with its existing level of activities and wants the same to continue. 3.2 Growth strategy An organization that wants to raise its level of performance may adopt what is called the Growth Strategy. The following measures adopted by Miraj Group of companies: Development of new products for the existing markets. Creation of new uses for the existing products. Development of new products for new markets. 3.3 Vertical Integration strategy A business enterprise itself may decide to produce the raw materials needed for production to ensure continuous supply. On the other hand, it may also decide to start its own sales outlets to serve its customers better. In either case, the strategy is known as the Vertical Integration Strategy. 3.4 Product Elimination Strategy A business unit may also eliminate products that have become unpopular with the buyers and bring only losses. Such unsuccessful products also damage the image of the business. Thus, the Product Elimination Strategy may be adopted by a firm to avoid loss of profits as well as reputation. 3.5 Merger Strategy It is also possible that identical business units may combine to rationalize production and sales and thereby derive the benefits of economics of large-scale operations. This is what is known as the Merger Strategy. 4.0 Conclusion In the 21st century the concept of entrepreneurship is essentially related to innovative endeavors. It is through to be concerned with introducing something new in the environment of tough competition. Entrepreneur types of individuals who are highly determined, confident, creative and innovative, sales oriented personalities well in tune with trends and who are able to translate a vision into a real small business. They are encouraging young individual to form new business enterprises and providing such government supports as infrastructural facilities (like water, power, Transpiration, Industrial sheds or developed plots, Communication system and tax incentives, to facilitate this formation process. Madan paliwal successfully followed all above mention strategies in his business since many years. All these strategies are very efficiently and effectively followed by an enterprise for the success of his own as well as for the growth of business enterprise As good as the business strategies; the well is the position of the business. It is impossible to become a successful entrepreneur without business strategy. All the strategies which are mention above should be followed by the person who wants to become a successful entrepreneur. Word Count (2183)

Psle in Singapore Debate Essay

In this commentary, I chose my artefact as a newspaper article on PSLE stress because of many reasons. 1) I had always harbored a strong interest on what everyone is saying about this hot topic and it seemed very interesting, stating just one problem that Singapore currently face. 2) Other than that, it is a topic that is easy to research, unlike some historic things which are little-mentioned (e.g. the banana note, the merdeka talks,etc) 3) Last but not least,it is a topic that is widely discussed on and more sources can be found My view on the issue of PSLE Singaporeans have long since been debating whether to remove PSLE. I personally do not think that PSLE should be removed. On the issue of abolishing PSLE, my concern is if we do not have the PSLE, when it comes to the entrance to secondary schools, how do you decide who goes to which school? I sometimes wish we were a bit like Hogwarts in Harry Potter, where you have the sorting hat that decides which house you go to. But in reality, we do not have a sorting hat and how do we decide who goes to which school? If you did not do it according to grades and scores, how would you do it? Another way would be to do it geographically, where you go into the secondary school nearest to your home, but if you did that, everybody will be fighting to be in the primary school near the secondary school you want to be in. PSLE assess how much you have learnt over the six years in primary school and then allocates you to a secondary school according to your abilities and/or choice. If you remove it, you might as well say to remove all exams. On abolishing PSLE, let’s presume we do away with it, then how do we decide who goes to which school? If which school you are going is decided on ‘does the Principal know your father or your mother?’ then it’s not a very meritocratic system nor is it acceptable. It is totally, I think, against Singapore’s system. If it is to be decided by the distance and you live very near a very good school, can you imagine the pressure to enter a primary school that is near the secondary school you want to go to. If a sudent had done very badly, but he or she stays very near a good secondary school, he would get in, but a person who did better and stays lets say 10km away would not be able to enter if according to that policy. Imagine how disapp ointed he or she will feel. One question, is that fair? No doubt many people would say it is not.There is a whole range of scenarios that will come up if Singapore removes PSLE as the sorting exam. The question is how will Singapore deal with it? The real angst about PSLE is the pressure, and the real reason why you have the pressure is that parents perceive that certain schools will give the advantage of getting into university. So, the answer would maybe be to try to make sure that across the board, every school is a good school and that society should change their mindset that a child needs to get into a good school in order to get into university ( which acoording to a survey, is a goalfor many paents. One of the goals of the Singapore government would be ( I think)to make sure that no matter which school students go to, you have a chance to get into a university and even if you do not get into a university, the other options are also pathways to success. I hope that under this system, each person can be the best he or she can be, whether or not that person has a university degree. Why is PSLE bad? 1)Poor education system However, just because I do not think PSLE should be removed doesn’t mean that I totally think it should remain the same. I think, PSLE should not have such a big effect on what type of school a secondary student goes to. In PSLE, the focus tends to be on the aggregate score, which reports each student’s overall performance in comparison with the entire cohort. It’s called a T-score, or transformed score. It’s derived through a certain computation and basically provides a ranking of the entire cohort.* The T-score itself doesn’t actually tell the student how well he has performed in each subject or across all the subjects. In affect, it is a queue number. Thus, I think, to put the stress off the students’ shoulder a little. PSLE should form only about 35% of the final grades. This system also has its benefits as the students will not be so focused on the final examination. They might slack for five years and only start to really work when they are in primary 6. I have the same opinion on all the other major exams too. Also, more weight should be placed on continual assessments, conducted on every semester. Everything is more manageable when it is broken into small parts. This will reduce stress amongst students, and allow individual topics to get the attention deserved. Right now, PSLE encourages parents and students to â€Å"spot† possible exam questions, and prepare for those to the exclusion of all else. If every year’s mark have a large part in the final grade, the students will be more encouraged to work hard and it will be more competitive, resulting in better and smarter young Singaporeans, allowing the country to prosper more. This can happen if we followed the education system that I mentioned other than using other means like, tuition, etc†¦ 2)Encourages poor methods of studying Also, PSLE studying and actual learning have had a bad divorce. The methods common to passing PSLE are: †¢ Ask how, not why. †¢ Don’t experiment or try to be original. Follow what’s worked before, and just copy. †¢ Learn only exam topics. Treat everything else as unimportant. †¢ Memorize model answers, as if they’re cheat codes for a video game. Teachers who try to stray from the path are hammered down. There’s no room for exploration, discourse, or general knowledge. It’s not that students are unaware of this. They know these are bad teaching methods. But the importance of PSLE results overshadows their awareness. When an exam threatens to determine most of a child’s future, fear drives the curriculum (this has happened to me before) On the topic of tuition Ideally, the aim of the education system is that you should be able to pass your exams without tuition. That said, many parents still think that it is necessary for children to have tuition in order for them to do better; not in all the schools but certainly in a percentage of them. My view is that it should not be the case that because you cannot afford tuition you should not be able to pass your exam, which is why MOE has introduced the Learning Support Programmes in schools, mentioned by Minister of education minister Heng at the last Committee Of Supply Debate. The schools are putting a lot more resources to help students who have difficulty with subjects to help them level up. People generally think that Singapore has a good education system and that we are not deprived of a good education. But I do get the sense that many people think that the learning field is not level. The running track (describing the field in which where Singaporeans learn) is the same for everybody. It is just that those from the less affluent backgrounds are coming on with the plain sneakers and the one from the better affluent ones are coming with the branded sneakers which give you more comfort and support. The idea is that, if the playing field is not equal because there are some students who come from families with better resources, then for those students who do not come from families with better resources, at least you help them to level up so that they get a chance to do well. How can Singaporeans adopt a less stressful approach to the PSLE? I like to make a distinction between status and stature. Status is about our relative importance or merit in comparison to other people, who might or might not be better than yourself; assessment sometimes will tell us about academic status. In contrast, stature is inherent, not comparative. It’s about doing the best that you can, and recognising your intrinsic potential. Assessment should also help us develop our stature, and not our status. I know from my own experience how a drop of status badly affects my confidence. I hope this for every teacher and parent: To think and work hard about raising the stature of your children, and not just try to raise their status. Conclusion My conclusion for this is that the PSLE should not be scrapped but should be changed to a better and less stressful exam. So, the format should be changed to one more like the O levels. In the O levels, how well you do within a grade does not matter, just as long you get that particular grade. Once you score an A1, you will not be disadvantaged when compared to a student who has scored A1 with a higher score. I think this should be the model system for the PSLE. Thus , I end my commentary and hope (emphasis) you have enjoyed reading it.

Antony and Cleopatra Essay

Throughout ‘Antony and Cleopatra’s’ long theatrical history, many generations have perceived the represented conflict between eastern and western values in the light of their own concerns, often concluding that one sphere is innately more ‘moral’ than its converse. This is heightened by Shakespeare’s ambiguity in his portrayal of the characters of Caesar and Cleopatra, who embody ‘West’ and ‘East’ respectively. Many of Shakespeare’s contemporaries saw striking parallels between Caesar and the new King James, who had expressed a wish to become a new, English Augustus. Audiences, therefore, could infer that through the author’s portrayal of Caesar as a cold force, lacking empathy and humanity but proffering peace and unity, Shakespeare was alluding to James as representative of a new Western value system that he could not fully endorse. Audiences may have understood the idea that with the heralding of a new era, a key element – which the ‘east’ in the play represents – had been repressed from the British consciousness. Some would have associated this with the death of Queen Elizabeth, a popular, enigmatic ruler who, in retrospect seemed to embody the last of a ‘Golden Age,’ where mystery and splendour existed alongside reason and politics. Often, priggish Victorian audiences found the play rather challenging to their notion of the innate supremacy of British civilisation and Western values. By the 19th century, Britain had metamorphosed into a dominant world power similar to that controlled by Caesar, and many features, such as a rampant imperialism, a strive for power, and a tendency to frequently moralise, were in common with that of the Rome presented by Shakespeare. Their Western perspective, and the absence of any moral conclusion by Shakespeare, led many Victorians to adopt the Roman viewpoint – ultimately empathise with Caesar and condemn the protagonists’ love as innately immoral. Many Victorians were repelled by an East that was practically the antithesis of their society – the frank portrayal of sexuality, the fraternisation of royals with commoners, and the overall decadence of the Alexandrian court were condemned, and although audiences were still fascinated by Cleopatra, she was cast as the villain of the piece, who; ‘The triple pillar of the world transformed  Into a strumpet’s fool.’  The 20th century saw a diverse range of responses towards the antithesis, many corresponding with the perspectives from which theatrical productions approached the problem. There is still sometimes the tendency to moralise the concepts of Rome and Egypt, arguing one must be ‘good’ and the other automatically ‘bad,’ and many productions focus on either the political (Roman) or the emotional (Egyptian) aspects of the play. Since the tragedy of September 11th, the media have largely exaggerated the notion of an inherent conflict between the ‘Christian West’ and the ‘Islamic East,’ and this adds a new dimension to the play for current viewers.  The antithesis between Rome and Egypt tears them apart, but also inextricably entangles them. As without light, there would be no darkness, where ‘East’ does not exist, the concept of ‘West’ is nullified. Both are essential components of complete humanity, and Caesar’s apparent victory over Egypt is notable only for its superficiality – the ‘East’ can never be expunged, and will always be a key element of human consciousness. However, through their deaths, Antony and Cleopatra transcend these converse forces, and in reconciling ‘East’ and ‘West’ to reach the ultimate potential of their humanity are propelled into the realms of mythology. The conclusion is one merging tragedy and supreme divinity, where the lovers are seemingly destroyed by the world yet truly conquer it, exalted into immortality and splendour as the magnificent lovers that the tumultuous, paradoxical mortal world could never allow them to be. Bibliography Antony and Cleopatra – William Shakespeare  Antony and Cleopatra: A Shakespearean adjustment -John F Danby  Macmillan Master Guides: Antony and Cleopatra – Martin Wine